A data breach is a cyberattack that exposes personal information or other sensitive files. The attackers may be criminals or unauthorized users. The attacks can include malware, social engineering, unpatched applications, insider risks, and more. They can impact people who are consumers, business partners, or employees of the firm hit. These attacks can also cause serious damage to the firm’s reputation, as well as financial costs.
Some of the most serious breaches involve medical records and social security numbers. The attackers sell this information on the dark web, where it can be used for identity theft and fraud. People whose information has been exposed in a breach have elevated risk of these crimes for years after the attack. Breaches can lead to costly lawsuits, fines, and regulatory action.
To prevent a data breach, firms need to have an active threat detection system. A robust system can scan networks for unusual activity, flagging suspicious files or communication patterns. It can also analyze backup or preserved data to determine what kinds of information were breached, and who had access to it. Then, companies can take steps to limit that access. For example, they can change passwords and use other tools to make it more difficult for thieves to steal information from their computers. The companies also need to have a clear communications plan. They should notify law enforcement, affected individuals, and others as needed. This can help limit the number of victims and the extent of any harm.